Memoization

Caching a function's return value keyed by its input, so calling it again with the same input skips recomputation entirely.

📌 Example: A function that remembers the answer it already calculated for a given input.

🛠 In practice: It only pays off for pure functions with repeated inputs — memoizing a function with side effects or highly varied inputs can waste memory for no benefit.

• often confused with Caching