Abstraction

Hiding how something works internally and exposing only the interface a caller needs to use it.

📌 Example: Calling sendEmail() without knowing about the servers and formatting happening underneath.

🛠 In practice: The skill is picking the right seam — abstract too little and callers drown in detail, abstract too much and you end up hiding information they actually need to use it correctly.

• can lead to Leaky abstraction